高考英语答题技巧题型20 概要写作（答题模板与解题技巧） （原卷版）Word（13页）

题型20 概要写作 01 题型解读 02 答题模板构建 03 满分词汇模板 04 满分句型模板 05 满分作文模板 06 知识迁移强化 命题特点 概要写作属于限制性写作，是阅读理解和写作的双向考查。 命题解读：1. 提供的一篇350 词以内的短文，要求考生写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 2. 所给短文以说明文和议论文为主。 3. 在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩 文章的内容和观点。 写作要求： 1. 要点齐全 。评分的重要方面即是要点齐全，避免因信息获取不准确而导致概要要点不齐全。 同时又要把握文本的整体和部分之间的逻辑关系。 2. 灵活转换 。考生应当使用不同的词或句式如，同义词、近义词和反义词变换来替换词汇，表达 与原有表达内容相同的意义，通过改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句中充当的语法 成分或变换句式来实现句子重构。 3. 语言精炼。用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语言，利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提 炼，用删略的方法替换不重要或不必要的细节。 4. 书写规范。概要写作对考生的书写、拼写和标点符号要求不能影响交际，尤其是拼写和标点符号被 视为评价语言准确性的一个重要方面，书写较差则直接影响评分档次。 第一步 浏览全文，明确文章体，了解短文大意，确定主题句。（段首、段中或段尾） 第二步 细读文章，锁定关键信息。 第三步 列写作要点，整合成句。 第四步 连句成篇，工整眷写。 【典例】 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内 容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of discase, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 【满分句型模板之锁定主题句】 Para.1: __________________________________________________________________________________ Para.2:__________________________________________________________________________________ Para.3:__________________________________________________________________________________ Para.4: __________________________________________________________________________________ 【满分句型模板之要点陈列】 Para.1: fixed（确定的；不便的） Para.2: means（方法，手段）， block out（挡住）， wash off（清楚掉，清洗掉）， open up（打开）， upon（一......就，立即）。 Para.3: long-lived（长期存在的）， sell the idea（说服某人接受某观点）。 Para.4: warn off（警告某人不要靠近）， gain some ground（获得优势）。 【满分句型模板之连词成句】 1. Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 2. For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. 3. However people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. 4. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. 【满分作文模板】 （要点1）______________________________________________________________________________ （要点2）______________________________________________________________________________ （要点3）______________________________________________________________________________ 1．（2023·全国·高三专题练习） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容写一篇60 词左右的概要。 Microplastics in Water — a Wake-up Call for All of Us Today researchers announced that they have found tiny pieces of plastic in water samples from around the world. These pieces are called microplastics and are so small that they are invisible to the naked eye and are very difficult to remove from the water. When in the water, they are swallowed by fish and other animals and then enter the food chain. Even more concerning is the fact that the plastic has also been found in drinking water across the world. This means that we are drinking plastic every day. Scientists do not know what level of harm this will cause us in the future. Microplastics come from a number of different sources, in particular from washing and drying synthetic (non- natural) clothing and from cosmetics and cleaning products, such as toothpaste and face washes. Microplastics are even found in the air outside and at our homes. Almost every country across the world agrees that we cannot continue using so much plastic in our lives. We need to find a solution to remove microplastics from our oceans. We also need to introduce new taxes and other means to encourage companies to choose environment-friendly ingredients and recyclable packaging for their products. We need to take personal responsibility, too. We all have the freedom to choose how we spend our money and what kids of business and products we support. Let’s work together to protect our environment, both now and for the future. Remember: Reduce — Reuse — Recycle. (244 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2024·上海杨浦·统考一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ignoring Your Biggest Regrets Regrets, people often feel, are to be avoided. Mistakes may be unavoidable, but they should be kept to a minimum. And when they do occur, the best course of action is to ignore them as inevitable steps on our journey. That seems logical, at least until you consider that one of the criteria for mental illness is an inability to feel regret. As author Kathryn Schulz argues, “If you want to be fully functional, and fully human, and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it.” Counterintuitively, she and other experts argue feeling regret is essential for living your best life. No one is saying, of course, that getting trapped in your past mistakes is a good idea. But neither is a “no regrets and never look back” mentality. Regret forces us to engage in a reflective analysis to understand why we thought or acted the way we did and makes us try things differently in the future. If you keep telling yourself “no regrets,” then learning isn’t going to happen. Besides, hiding from regret doesn’t make it hurt less. Action does. Action, recent research shows, is the best way to make regret hurt less. So if you’re troubled by your failure to travel when you were young, science suggests you consciously plan an adventurous trip now that you’re older and wiser. Upset about a broken friendship? Act to try to repair it. Acknowledging our mistakes, rather than ignoring them, reminds us that we are valuable and worthy despite our faults. That sort of acceptance is the basis both of real self-confidence and of true kindness. As Schulz sums up in her talk: “Regret doesn’t remind us that we did badly. It reminds us we know we can do better.” 3．（2023·上海嘉定·统考一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Dealing with One Missed Workout It’s a common dilemma (图局)for anyone on a training plan: You miss one workout and become awashed with guilt. To make up for it, you add those extra miles to yo