高考英语答题技巧题型16 说明文（答题模板与解题技巧） （解析版）Word（20页）

题型16 说明文 第一段 提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容 第二段 文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明; 01 题型解读 02 答题模板构建 03 满分词汇模板 04 满分句型模板 05 满分作文模板 06 知识迁移强化 命题特点 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提 供知识的一种文体。在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作 文来呈现写作材料。从内容上大致可分为三个类型：事物介绍、问题方法介绍、路线、方位介绍、数 据分析等。 写作特点：语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。 时态与人称：这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。 英语说明文的主要目的是解释、描述或阐明某个事物或现象的特征、性质、原理、功能、原因或影响 等。为了达到这个目的，英语说明文通常需要遵循一定的结构。 第三段 对文章的主题进行归纳总结。 【满分词汇模板】 短语 on the contrary 恰恰相反； however 然而； compare…to/with…和......相比； in contrast to 和......相反； the same as,和......一样； similar to 和......相似； different from 和......不同； more than 不仅仅； in a word/in short 总之； generally speaking 一般来说； 【满分句型模板之说明方位句】 1. . .. is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east of/to the north of ...... ......位于…的底部，北面的北面。 2. In front of it is ..., with ... on its left and ... on its right. 在它的前面是……，与…在它的左边和…在它的右边。 3. Turning to the left, you will see ..., behind which is ... 转到左边，你会看到……，后面是。 4. Walking past ..., you will see the building that appears in front of you is ... 走过……，你会看到出现在你面前的建筑是。。 5. Along the road are lines of trees, casting dense shade on the sidewalk. 沿路是一排排的树木，在人行道上投下了茂密的阴影。 【满分句型模板之说明现象句】 1. Nowadays more and more people are suffering... 如今,越来越多的人正遭受着… 2. With the development of..., there is an increasing need for...people to know how to... 随着……的发展,越来越多的人需要知道如何…… 3. As far as I'm concerned, there are several reasons for... 在我看来，……的原因有几个。 4. Owing to air pollution, many people have health problems. 由于空气污染,很多人有健康问题。 5.Everything has both advantages and disadvantages. The negative aspects are also apparent. 一切都有利有弊。负面的因素也很明显。 6. On the whole, its advantages can be seen as follows. 总的来说，其优点如下。 【满分句型模板之问题方法句】 1. The answer to the problem involves many factors. 这个问题的答案涉及很多方面。 2. To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, which is... 为了确保成功,你心中还需记住一点,那就是…… 3. Then, by what means shall we solve the problem? 那么我们应该采取什么措施来解决这个问题? 4. In this way, you'll feel relaxed and refreshed. 通过这种方式,你将会感觉到放松和振作。 5. Therefore, find an effective way that is suitable for you, and you will have a wonderful life. 所以,找到一种适合你的有效的方法,那么你的生活也会多姿多彩的。 6. It is high time that something should be done... 是我们做些什么来……的时候了。 7.The change in… largely results from the fact that… 8. There are several causes for this significant growth in … 这种显著的增长有几个原因。 9. With the functions of ...,it enables us to... 具有……的功能，它使我们能够。 【满分句型模板之数据分析句】 1.The bar chart describes significant changes in the... 该柱形图描述了……的显著变化。 2. According to the result of the survey, more than half. About60% of the students like.... while only 30% say they are inr terested in... 根据调查结果可知,有超过半数即大约60%的学生喜欢……,而只有30%的学生说他们对…感兴趣。 3. Judging from these figures. we can draw the conclusion that... 根据这些数字判断,我们可以得出结论 4.More students, around 58%, however, insist that... 然而更多的学生,约58%,坚持认为...... 4. The table/chart shows that … 表格/图表显示 5. As can be seen from the chart… 从图表中可以看出。 6. From the table/chart/forms, we can see… 从表格/图表/表格中我们可以看到......。 【满分作文模板一 事物介绍】 What I have known about is that __________________.(具体描述某事物) First of all, __________________ (具体阐述要点一) . What’s more, __________________ (具体阐述要点 二). As a college student, __________________ (结合自身描述要点三). In conclusion, __________________ (做出总结) . Therefore, we should __________________(提出建议). 【满分作文模板二 问题方法介绍】 In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.（说明问题及其现状） To begin with, __________________. What’ s more, __________________.（进一步阐释现状）We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, __________________. For another thing, ________. Finally,__________________.（列举解决该问题的方法） Personally, I believe that __________________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because __________________.（结尾段，归纳信心及理由） 【满分作文模板三 路线、方位介绍】 Located in the __________________ （方位）， _______________( 某地）covers an area of_______________________(面积). Entering _______________( 某地）, you can see a big flower bed in front of you, and _____________________（建筑一）on your left. Walking on further, you’ll find_____________________（建 筑二）. ______________________（方位介词短语），there is__________（地点二）. Behind it, there lies__________________（地点二）. All the buildings are surrounding by trees and flowers. It’s really a beautiful school. 1．假定你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的美国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国新近出现的一种共享 单车“shared bikes”很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。请你给Jim 回信，内容包括： 1. 这种单车的使用方法（如：APP 查看车辆、扫码开锁等）； 2. 这种单车的优势； 3. 你对这种单车的看法。 注意： 1. 词数大约100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：智能手机 smartphone, 二维码 the QR code Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of shared bike “shared bikes” mentioned in your latest letter. It’s very convenient to use if you have a smartphone. What you do is to find a nearest shared bike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip. Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the greatest advantage of mobike is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well. Hope to ride a shared bike with you in China. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Jim 写封信，给他简要介绍共享单车的使用方法、 优势和你对这种单车的看法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对比：compare→contrast 趋势：trend→tendency 缓解：relieve→ease 压力：pressure→stress 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of shared bike “shared bikes” mentioned in your latest letter. 拓展句：I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of shared bike “shared bikes” which was mentioned in your latest letter. 【点睛】[高分句型1] What you do is to find a nearest shared bike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip. (运用了what 引导的主语从句) [高分句型2] It is becoming a new trend as a means of transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well. (运用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句) 2．假设你是李华，你的美国笔友Chris 正在学习汉语。他得知你校在钉钉(DingTalk)软件开设了线上中国 诗词课程教学，他非常感兴趣并想参加学习，便写信给你，希望你介绍相关情况。请根据以下提示给他写 一封回信。 内容包括： (1)使用钉钉(DingTalk)的方法： (2)在线中国诗词课程的特色。 注意： (1)词数100 左右： (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris, I’m glad that you show great interest in Chinese culture. The course of Chinese poetry online attracted lots of students in our school and aroused our passion for traditional Chinese culture. The using methods, DingTalk, are simple and convenient. First, download this application and enter the class group. Next, click the button of “class online” and find the live telecast to learn the class online. The course of Chinese poetry online has many advantages. Not only can you play it again and again, but