2018年高考英语试卷（北京）（机考 无听力）（解析卷）

2018年北京市高考英语试卷 参考答案 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节 单项填空 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A9. D 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 第二节 完形填空 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C 第二部分 阅读理解 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节（15分） Dear Jim, I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment. I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. Yours,Li Hua 第二节 （20分） Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding. On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea. In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time. Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us. At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world. 2018年北京市高考英语试卷 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 参考答案与试题解析 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D. 1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【考点】E2：一般过去时． 【分析】—嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你． —嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的． 【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在 这个地方上班，再结合时间状语just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用 一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在过去． 故选：C． 【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时 间状语或者是隐含信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案． 2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【考点】92：从属连词． 【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失． 【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句． while表示"当……的时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步 状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分 析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如果我们不能阻止气候 变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失． 故选：C． 【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间 的逻辑关系，再确定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别． 3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【考点】B6：动名词． 【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历． 【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子 主干是主系表结构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除A；having done是现在分词的完成式，它表示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之 前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除C．done是过去分词，在句中通常做定语 或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动作，也 可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D． 故选：B． 【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定 语，但是不能作补语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主 语，在动词的基础上加ing，使该动词或动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名 词灵活使用．如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us． 劝说这样的人加入真 是浪费时间． It was hard getting on the crowded street car． 上这种拥挤的车真难． It is fun playing with children． 和孩子们一起玩真好． There is no joking about such matters． 对这种事情不是开玩笑． 4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【考点】E5：过去进行时． 【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起 了志愿者工作． 【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在 发生．根据句意，去年"我"去拜访Susan的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附 件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过去进行时：was doing sth． 故选：B． 【点评】 本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的 关系，再结合选项，即可选出正确答案． 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C.as D. that 【考点】59：关系代词；H2：非限制性定语从句． 【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康． 【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为She and her family bicycle to work，而非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故 不能使用that，关系代词who是用来替代人，在此不符合句意；as可以引导非限 制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引导定语从句作主语，替代前 面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持身体健 康． 故选：A． 【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再 结合选项特点，进行答案的选择． 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 【考点】BA：不定式． 【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼． 【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选B 项．其它三项不符合语境． 故选：B． 【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和 名词特征的非限定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和 语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作 主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语． 7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【考点】E8：现在完成时． 【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里． 【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般 都用现在完成时或现在完成进行时．故选：B． 【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks等． 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 【考点】G9：祈使句． 【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得 到需要的帮助． 【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句， 根据句意可知，此处使用动词原形press． 故选：A． 【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案， 需要考生多积累和总结． 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【考点】F5：过去完成时的被动语态． 【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客． 【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是 发生在"冒险救援"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游 客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时的被动语态． 故选：D． 【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案， 需要考生多积累和总结． 10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【考点】BB：过去分词． 【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌． 【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂 和使用是被动关系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A． 【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用 过去分词形式表示被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系． 11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【考点】79：连接副词；HD：表语从句． 【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置． 【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据 句意：没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用 where"在哪里"，而how"如何"，when"何时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意． 故选：C． 【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案， 需要考生多积累和总结． 12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. sho