2020年高考英语试卷（北京）（机考 无听力）（解析卷）

1/26 2020 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共12 页，共120 分。考试时长100 分钟。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___2___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___3___you can join in when it's possible. 【答案】1. plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2. lucky 3. if/whether 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。 【1 题详解】 考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表 示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成 进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。 【2 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be 动词， 所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。 【3 题详解】 考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾 “ ” 语从句，从句成分完整，但缺是否的意思，故填if/whether。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 2/26 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trop sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 【答案】4. are thrown 5. to break 6. into/to 7. countries 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。 【4 题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该 用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw 之间是被动关系，应用 一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 【5 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It 形式主 语。故填to break。 【6 题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉 其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to “ 可表进入……之中 /变成……”。故填into/to。 【7 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们 使用。lots of 修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。 【点睛】C 3/26 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___（live） alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise. 【答案】8. found 9. lived/had lived/had been living 10. smarter 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安 德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。 【8 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安 德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主 语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 【9 题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约 4 万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。 设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成 时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去 时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设 空处前为were 设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than 表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为 than。 第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，共30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其 大意，从每题所给的4、B、C、D 4/26 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get- together in the town of Vail. On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all____11____at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）around in the fountain until we____12____. This is one of the busiest walking streets. After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder____13____that nowhere could he find his backpack, which____14____his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough____15____we determined that he must have left it at the fountain. Ponder has never____16____anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision （指导）for managing his____17____. He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. "But Dad," he said, through massive____18____, "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very____19____. Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I_____20_____him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been_____21_____. As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black_____22_____there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not_____23_____what it was or if it was hers. "See it, Dad?" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too_____24_____because that may not be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was_____25_____there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could_____26_____it. I literally_____27_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle（奇迹）". In my wildest_____28_____, I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays. What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____29_____for a child in losing something important…to lose it and feel the full_____30_____of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back.11. A. drove B. hiked C. met D. united 12 A. landed B. left C. settled D. slept 5/26 13. A. responded B. recognized C. realised D. recalled 14. A. contained B. combined C. comprised D. covered 15. A. preparation B. checkup C. revision D. search 16. A. wasted B. lost C. sough D. deserted 17. A. emotion B. time C. money D. stuff 18. A. tears B. fists C. reliefs D. outbreaks 19. A. hesitant B. curious C. sad D. eager 20. A. promised B. informed C. warned D. taught 21. A. worn out B. caught up C. put away D. turned in 22. A. hiding B. sitting C. swinging D. flowing 23. A. assess B. declare C. tell D. predict 24. A. excited B. puzzled C. relaxed D. amused 25. A. already B. even C. almost D. still 26. A. take B. see C. touch D. protect 27. A. panicked B. exploded C. collapsed D. cried 28. A. dreams B. claims C. efforts D. passions 29. A. mode B. lesson C. option D. plot 30. A. range B. pressure C. weight D. harvest 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿子丢失背包，五六个小时过后，背包在丢失的地方被找 到了，这让作者真正意识到了人性信仰的伟大。 【11 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水， 直到我们离开。A. drove 开车；B. hiked 徒步旅行；C. met 遇见、集合；D. united 团结。由上 文的we all went to the market right in the middle of the town 可知，作者一家去了市中心的集市， 集市会很拥挤繁忙，作者一家人容易走散，所以约定好在桥边的喷泉边集合。故选C 项。 【12 题详解】 6/26 考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我们都在桥边的喷泉边集合，孩子们在喷泉里涉水， 直到我们离开。A. landed 着陆；B. left 离开；C. settled 定居；D. slept 睡觉。由上文的Near the end 可知，作者一家要结束今天行程了，此处指孩子在喷泉里涉水，直到他们离开。故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7 岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找 不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. responded 回答；B. recognized 认出； C. realised 意识到；D. recalled 回忆。由下文的nowhere could he find his backpack 和下文到处 找背包可知，庞德意识到他找不到他的背包了。故选C 项。 【14 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7 岁的儿子庞德意识到，他找 不到他的背包，里面包含（装）着他的游戏机和手表。A. contained 包含；B. combined 结合； C. comprised 包括；D. covered 覆盖。contain 指所涉及的物体常常是其组成部分或内容，强调 包容关系，既可指具体有形的东西，也可指抽象无形的东西；comprise 暗指一个整体包括不 “ ” 同部分所组成，强调由许多部分构成一个整体。由本处语境可知，庞德找不到他的背包， 背包里包含他的游戏机和手表，背包和游戏机及手表不是一个整体，是包容关系，应用 contain。故选A 项。 【15 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过彻底搜查，我们断定他一定是把它落在喷泉边了。A. preparation 准备；B. checkup 检查；C. revision 修订；D. search 搜寻。由下文的we determined that he must have left it at the fountain 可知，作者他们断定庞德一定是把它落在喷泉边了，说 明他们肯定经过了彻底搜查。故选D 项。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：庞德从未丢失过任何东西。A. wasted 浪费；B. lost 丢失；C. sough 作沙沙声；D. deserted 抛弃。由下文语境可知，作者他们认为庞