2023年高考英语试卷（北京）（机考 无听力）（解析卷）

1/20 2023 年北京市高考英语试卷 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节(共15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night! After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain. When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear. Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____. But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!” “Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.” Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read. The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print. 1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier 2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat 3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read 4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing 5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in 6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning 7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution 1/20 8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead 9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict10. A. patience 2/20 B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害羞，不爱说话。于是老 师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话”的文章。作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课 堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来。 【1 题详解】 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人 惊讶的。A. freer 更自由的；B. shyer 更害羞的；C. calmer 更冷静的；D. happier 更高兴的。由上文“I was always timid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选 B。 【2 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。 A. nod 点头；B. point 指；C. listen 听；D. chat 闲聊。由下文“Now I was paying the price to write a five ﹣ ﹣ page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写 一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什 么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是 很令人惊讶的，故选D。 【3 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep 哭泣；B. rest 休息；C. write 写；D. read 读。由上文“to write a five page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk ﹣ in Class””可知，此处write 是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。 【4 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning 学习；B. playing 玩；C. planning 计 划；D. laughing 笑。由上文“Now I was paying the price to write a five page essay on “Why I Should Not ﹣ ﹣ Talk in Class”. That would take all night!”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，现在 我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学 习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。 【5 题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing out 突出；B. flying by 飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up 分手；D. checking in 登记。由上文“Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to 3/20 prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用 fly by 来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。 【6 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating 庆祝；B. longing 渴望；C. complaining 抱怨；D. warning 警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。 【7 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。A. lecture 说教；B. reason 原因；C. reward 奖励；D. solution 解决办法。由下文“at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教，故选A。 【8 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A. Therefore 因此；B. Moreover 此外；C. Meanwhile 同时；D. Instead 代替；反而。前后句子“I half expected a______7____ at least an “I hope you’ve learned ﹣ your lesson”.”和“mum laughed and laughed as she read.”内容相反，应用instead，我本期待得到妈妈的奖励， 然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一边笑，故选D。 【9 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope 希望；B. imagine 想象；C. tell 告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict 预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是 因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。 【10 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。A. patience 耐心；B. confidence 自信；C. tolerance 忍受；D. independence 独立。由下文“still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一 些推动，故选B。 第二节(共15 分) A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after 3/20 moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests 4/20 showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】11. would throw 12. exactly 13. had arrived 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。 【11 题详解】 考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30 位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常 惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。 【12 题详解】 考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30 位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常 惊讶。修饰介词短语on time 应用副词exactly，故填exactly。 【13 题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿 着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】14. seen 15. cities 16. has established 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭， 到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。 【14 题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when 引导的状 语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be 动词，从句可以省略主语和be 5/20 动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see 是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态， 完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be 动词，故填seen。 【15 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city 作宾语， 为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 【16 题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止) 可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 【答案】17. to 18. where 19. to address 20. facing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32 个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的：呼吁人们关 注全球水资源问题。最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会 议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他人参与到 一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。 【17 题详解】 考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短 语为call attention to。故填to。 【18 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水 会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 【19 题详解】 6/20 考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句 子结构可知address 在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 【20 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句 子结构可知face 与逻辑主语people 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共28 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference