高考英语答题技巧题型04 词义猜测题（解题技巧） （原卷版）Word（9页）

题型04 词义猜测题 词义猜测题解题解题模板 1. 词根词缀法 ：熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀。 2. 同位解释法 如：关键词mean, be, refer, be called, be known as 或定语从句、同位语、逗号、破折号 等后的内容解释说明画线词句的意思。 3. 逻辑关系法 如：转折、举例、递进、对比、因果、选择关系等。 4. 上下求索找替代法 ；推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句中所代替的词语。 注意：在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有 对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义 或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。 命题点01 代词指代题 代词指代题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it, that, he, him, them 等可以指上文提 到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事 。需要运用“找替代法”认真阅读、仔细推敲代词所在句和前 后相邻句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清来龙去脉，从而准确推断其所指代的对象。有时代 命题特点 词义猜测题在高考中出现次数通常是1 题。根据上下文猜测生词含义或熟词生义是考生必须掌握的一项 重要阅读技能。生词不是孤立封闭的，它出现的句子、段落，都会留下很多暗示和线索。根据生词与上下 文之间的关系就可推测出生词的含义。 考查方向 题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。 词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；有时需要对前文提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对 象。 【典例01】 A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Disabled students. B．Digital devices. C．Backpacks. D．Students' parents. 【典例02】 Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大 肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or— that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize your sink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The food. B．The toothbrush. C．The sink. D．The chemical. 命题点02 单词（短语）猜测题 该题型重在考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。是从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的 已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围 涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词生义的猜测或能被哪个词或短语替代等。 【典例01】 （2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习） The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on! What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean? A．Assess. B．Reduce. C．Identify. D．Involve. 【典例02】 （2023 黑龙江高三专项练习） At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road. What does the underlined word “bibliophile” in the last paragraph mean? A．A book lover. B．A publisher. C．A famous writer. D．An editor. 命题点03 句意猜测题 该题型大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章的主旨或段落主题密切相关,。解题需运用上下求 索和逻辑关系推断句意。 【典例01】 College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning. Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime. An alarm clock’s job is to wake you up, but it does not provide a reason. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A．An alarm clock is necessary for a kid. B．A kid should buy a talking alarm clock. C．A kid should get up early for learning without any reason. D．A kid should always maintain a sense of responsibility and independence. 【典例02】 ...... High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism? Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry. Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire-something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine life without him/her. We have feeling it will not appear as rosy! What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest? A．A world without teachers will be unimaginable. B．The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring. C．Teaching is quite different from other jobs. D．Many people attach more importance to teaching 1. Viewers are deserting awards shows in groups and something needs to be done. But what？Reorganize them to celebrate really popular work？That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category and ﹣ it was swiftly booed（喝倒彩）out of town. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？ A．The best popular film category. B．The best actress. C．The reorganized Oscars. D．The deserted awards show. 2. Energy drinks aren’t technically a “food”. That’s not to trash them — it’s just a fact, and an important one at that. The Food & Drug Administration regulates all products defined as food to ensure they’re safe for human consumption. Coffee drinks and soda, for instance, aren’t allowed to be too high in caffeine in case they cause heart problems. But energy drinks are classified as supplements, which means they’re unregulated. Hence, manufacturers are free to add as much caffeine inside a single can as they please. They can even mix caffeine with other stimulants (兴奋剂) in such a way that could cause cardiovascular or nervous system problems. That’s why physicians have been trying to investigate what the health effects of these caffeinated drinks might be. A new study showing that a single drink can diminish blood vessel ( 血管) function is making headlines, but similar findings have been increasing for years now. What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．A new study shows that energy drinks are harmful to humans. B．As for now, energy drinks are not regulated in the United States. C．Physician are going to evaluate the effect of energy drinks in the following studies. D．Energy drinks together with other harmful ingredients could damage one’s well-being. 3. I have watched good lives get put on hold because someone told a lie. I have seen people put in jail because of a lie. I have held the hands of a kind-hearted dying man who only wanted to know the truth about why his children were turned against him. Lies only hurt. Let’s remember that. Let’s not forget the damage that can be done, and maybe we will all get to live better lives, even though we are sharing a very difficult time. Lies are always uncovered. Always. That may not help you night now, but it is something to hold onto. What does “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Lies will grow and spread. B．Lies are not acceptable. C．Lies will be exposed sooner or later. D．One truth is better than a hundred lies 4.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中） Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will ben