高考英语答题技巧题型01 细节理解题（解题技巧）（解析版）Word（15页）

题型01 细节理解题 近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目 年份 卷别 题号 2023 新高考I 卷 21、23、24、26、28、33 2023 新高考II 卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35 2022 新高考I 卷 22、25、26、27、32、33 命题特点 细节理解题要求考试在快速阅读文章的同时，能从文中获取某些特定的信息。细节理解题涉及体裁广 泛，从题干信息中较易看出，但要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。 考查方向 细节理解题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和顺序排列题。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中 占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的一半甚至以上。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、 原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 命题规律 1. 举例和比喻处常考 2. 列举、排比处常考 3. 指示代词出现处常考 4. 引用人物观点处常考 5. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考 2022 新高考II 卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34 2021 新高考I 卷 21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32 2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34 细节理解题解题思路 1. 利用“跳读法”：带着问题找答案；无需通篇看全文；迅速定位与题目相关的信息；对比选项与原 文进行信息加工比对；准确选定答案。 2. 利用“顺藤摸瓜”：根据题干中的关键词“藤”，在原文寻找相同或近似的词“瓜”。这种方法一 般适用于间接信息题和是非推断题。 3. 利用“计算法”：适合数字计算题。先弄清问题再对比原文数字和单位，关注细节，精准计算。 4. 利用“首尾定位法”：先找出最先发生的事和最后发生的事，迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出正 确答案。这种方法主要适用于顺序排列题。 命题点01 直接信息题 【典例01】 【2023 年全国乙卷A 篇】 PRACTITIONERS Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【答案】D 【解析】 运用“跳读法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现the first African American woman，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler 是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。 【典例02】 （2023 年新高考I 卷A 篇） Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 【答案】 D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1 点开始)”，结合“计算法”可知，导游城 市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 命题点02 间接信息题 【典例01】 【2023 年新高考I 卷B 篇】 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. 4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 【答案】 C 【解析】细节理解题。“顺藤摸瓜”，对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩 子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物 和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的 混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活 中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很 强。故选C。 【典例02】 【2023 年全国甲卷B 篇片段】 Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” 26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 【答案】 A 【解析】根据本段最后一句“ “So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. ”可知，Terri 是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租 房的押金的。 命题点03 数字计算题 【典例01】 【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷A 篇】 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on programme to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest? A.Photography Workshops. B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 【答案】D 【解析】根据各个活动的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)”、“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)”、“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)” 及 “Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)”，利用“计算法”可知，答案为D。 【典例02】 【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】 Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our workshop stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy. Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up staff. They are conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny material and you will be well rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy classes are offered to both beginners and advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side Comedy Club. Seats available: 2 Start date: May 17th In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube Fees: If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350. We accept cash, checks or credit cards. Your instructor: Becky Veduccio Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up comedy in New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and feature films. And she competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent. Her film works inclu