高考英语答题技巧题型11 语法填空有提示词：谓语动词时态、语态和主谓一致（答题模版与解题技巧）（原卷版）Word（7页）

题型11 语法填空谓语动词 考查 模板答题 时态 1. 根据标志性时间状语； 2. 根据并列关系； 3. 根据固定句式； 4. 根据语境暗示； 语态 根据语境确定应当使用主动语态还是被动语态； 构成：be +done 模板01 时态、语态模板 模板02 主谓一致模板 考点解读 英语时态在新高考中重点考查的有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在 进行时、一般将来时。时态经常和语态、主谓一致同时考查，这样就增加了考试的难度。 判断技巧 解题的难点：在于判断设空处属于谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句中无谓语动词，或虽然有谓 语动词，但设空处谓语动词与之构成并列关系，既有并列连词and, but, or 等，则考虑设空处做谓语。 解题的重点：在判断句子的时态时一定要看准时间状语和表示时间概念的副词（短语）。 主谓一致 根据主谓一致使用3 原则 原则确定谓语的适当形式 1. 语法一致原则； 2. 意义一致原则； 3. 就近一致原则； 特殊句式 be about to do...when... be doing...when It is(was) the first time that sb. have/has(had) done Hardly had 主语+done...when 主语+did. 时态 时间状语 一般现在时 often, always, usually，then, previous, 一般过去时 last week, 时间+ago, when I was a little boy..., later on, the other day, 现在完成时 so far, since, for days, in/over/during the past days, up to now, 过去完成时 by the end of last week, 时间+before, 【典例1】 (2023 年新高考英语全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【答案】wished 【模板】按照一般过去时的时间状语使用模板可知。 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句 中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。 【典例2】 （广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考10 月试题）Maxwell’s worldwide walk wasn’t easy. She heard gunshots while camping in Turkey and (attack) in her tent in Mongolia. Still, she continued to walk. 【答案】was attacked 【模板】1.按照模板时态第2 条并列关系可知时态。2.根据语境确定主语应当是“被攻击”，故被动语态； 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：她在土耳其露营时听到枪声，在蒙古的帐篷里遭 到袭击。句子在描述过去发生的事情，且句子主语she 是单数第三人称，和谓语动词attack 之间是被动关 系，是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was attacked。 【典例3】 （江苏省南京外国语学校2023-2024 学年高三试题）Last November, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China (add) to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 【答案】were added 【模板】 1.根据时态模板第一条时态标志词last November 确定时态。2.根据语境确定主语与谓语为被动关 系。 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：去年11 月，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入联合国教 科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语techniques and associated social practices 为复数意义名词和动词add 为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为过去 时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were added。 模板 02 主谓一致模板 语态三大原则 语法 一致 1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词 用复数。 2. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数保持一 致。 3. 单个的动名词，名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what 引导的主语从句表示复 数概念时，谓语动词用复数。 4. 主语后跟with, together with, as well as, but, except, rather than 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的 数与前面的主语保持一致。 意义 一致 1. 集体名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个 个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 2. 分数/百分数/the majority of +名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数以及 其表示的意义；all, some ,half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表 达的意义。 就近 原则 由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等连接的并列主语或者在there be 句型中，谓语 动词常与就近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 【典例1】 （广东省深圳市富源学校2023-2024 学年调研试题）Then relatively thinner sugar is added to support the outline and fill in the figure of the body in a combination of zig-zags or other patterns, supported by a wooden stick. “Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar (differ) from regular painting. 【答案】differs 【模板】根据语法一致原则第三条可知。 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：用融化的糖制成的“绘画”艺术作品不同于普通的绘画。陈 述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为“Painting” artistic pieces from melted sugar，谓语用三单形式。故填 differs。 【典例2】 (2022 年新高考英语全国I 卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【答案】were 【模板】1.根据时态模板第1 条发现previously 可知过去式。2.根据语法一致原则第2 条可知与先行词保持 一致。 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多 现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在 that 引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据 “previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复 数形式。故填were。 【典例3】 （河北省崇德实验中学2023 年高三试题）Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer ______(be) the Sami people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, to keep the land’s natural state, the government made Sarek a national park. 【答案】were 【模板】根据时态模板第4 条发现上下文语境暗示可知过去时。根据意义一致原则与the Sami people 意义 保持一致。 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：跟随驯鹿的是萨米人，他们把这片土地作为自己的家园。分析句子 可知，此处为完全倒装的主谓一致，谓语的数应和后面的主语Sami people 一致，为动词复数形式，结合上 下文时态可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填were。 1. (2023 年新高考英语全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 2. (2022 年新高考英语全国I 卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 3. (2022 年新高考英语全国II 卷) Henry _______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 4. (2022 年新高考英语全国II 卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 5. (2022 年新高考英语全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 6. (2022 年新高考英语全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________ (address) the opening ceremony. 7. (2021 年新高考英语全国I 卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _______ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 8. (2021 年新高考英语全国II 卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 9. (2021 年新高考英语全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 10. (2020 年新高考全国I 卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ (be) on display. 11. (2022 年新高考英语全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I __________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage ( 遗产) while constantly growing. 12. (2022 年新高考英语全国I 卷) The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ... 13. (2021 年新高考英语全国甲卷) It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 14. (2020 年新高考英语全国I 卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 15. (2019 年高考英语天津卷) Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 16. (2018 年高考英语·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I ___________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 17. (2022 年高考英语·浙江卷1 月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane __________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 18. (2022 年高考浙江卷1 月) But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 19. (2021 年高考英语全国I 卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 20. (2021 年高考英语全国II 卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 21. (2021 年高考英语·浙江卷6 月) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 22. (2021 年高考英语·浙江卷6 月) Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _________ (paint) white. 23. (2021 年高考英语·浙江卷1 月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___________ (consider) healthy. 24. (2020 年高考英语全国I 卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 25. (2020 年高考英语全国I 卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ (be) on display. 26.（江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024 学年度高三调研试题）By Aug 19, Haihua Island (receive) over 1 million tourists during the summer vacation. 27.（江苏省苏州中学校2023-2024 学年高三试题) Besides their obvious monetary value, they all carry their own cultural value as well. For example, on the back of the 5-yuan banknote Taishan Mountain in Shandong. 28.（2024 届河北省百师联盟高三联考）He menti