高考英语答题技巧题型06 完形填空（答题模版与解题技巧）（解析版）Word（35页）

题型06 完形填空 模板 01 逻辑关系 模板01 逻辑关系模板 模板02 排除法模板 模板03 上下文模板 选材特点 近年全国新高考卷完形填空的文章选材均来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵 循“文章内容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。 主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。 高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，设空间距为10-15 词。 语言简单，长句不多，没有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行 适当行适当考查。 高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，每小 题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。应当重视文章关键句、主题句（一般在段首或段 尾），把握文章的主题思想和作者的写作观点和态度。 答题要素 规律答题 转折关系 however, but, though, whereas, nevertheless 等 因果关系 so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as 等 让步关系 though, although, despite, in spite of 等 顺序关系 before, after, first, second, in addition, then, next, finally 等 条件关系 if, unless, once, provided that 等 解释关系 that is to say, in other words, namely 等 并列关系 and, while 等 提示：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重 要线索。解题时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。 【典例】 【辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024 学年高三试题】 One day, Tim came home from school. His face was filled with sadness and 21 . His classmate had said hurtful things to him, 22 Tim to feel upset and discouraged. 21．A．hope B．confidence C．improvement D．anger 22．A．confusing B．attracting C．causing D．Assisting 【答案】21．D 22．C 【模板】逻辑关系之并列关系21，22 空因果。 【解析】 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上充满了悲伤和愤怒。A. hope 希望；B. confidence 自信；C. improvement 改善；D. anger 生气。根据上文的“with sadness”和下文“His classmate had said hurtful things to him”可知，anger 与sadness 匹配，此处指蒂姆的表情是悲伤和生气的。故选D。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的同学对他说了些伤人的话，使蒂姆感到沮丧和沮丧。A. confusing 使困 惑；B. attracting 吸引；C. causing 引起；D. assisting 帮助。根据下文“Tim to feel upset and discouraged.”可 知，同学们的行为引起Tim 不好的情绪。故选C。 模板 02 排除法模板 答题要素 规律答题 近四年正确选项分布规律 2023 年新高考I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D 2021 年新高考I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C 2021 年新高考I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D 2020 年新高考I 卷：3A；4B；4C；4D 选项词性 同一小题选项均为同一词性或词类 提示：在个别情况下，如果不能很有把握地直接得出答案，可以根据选项出现频率、上下文语境、固定 搭配等综合考虑，运用上图模板结合排除法加合理推断，得出正确选项。仔细剖析近四年高考完形填空 选项答案分布情况，可以看出完形填空每个选项最多四处，最低三处。 模板 03 上下文模板 1. 句内层次题：解题信息直接分布在本句的内部，瞻前顾后，边读边填，先易后难。 2. 句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“一空三句抓语境”，耐心作答。 3. 语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文 中无废句，句中无闲词”，耐心作答，合理推断。 【典例】 【2023 年新高考I 卷】 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention. 41．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished 42．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse 43．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor 44．A．race B．school C．town D．training 45．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised 46．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice 47．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down 48．A．medical B．public C．constant D．Equal 【答案】41．D 42．A 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．A 【模板】上下文模板。句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次题。 【解析】 41．句内层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛。A. designed 设计；B. followed 跟随；C. changed 改变；D. finished 完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____48____ attention”可知，Bailey 在比赛中背一名参赛者， 所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。 42．句组层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay 延误；B. chance 机会；C. trouble 麻烦；D. excuse 借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____41____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她 背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。 43．句组层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge 裁 判；B. volunteer 志愿者；C. classmate 同学；D. competitor 参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。 44．句内层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey 跑到比赛的三分之二多的时 候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race 比赛；B. school 学校；C. town 城镇；D. training 训练。根 据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey 跑到比赛的三 分之二多的时候”。故选A。 45．句组层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed 同意；B. returned 回来；C. stopped 停止；D. promised 答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮 助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 46．句组层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey 扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage 勇气；B. aid 帮助；C. patience 耐心；D. advice 建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她 是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 47．句内层次题。考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey 弯下腰，让Lenoue 爬到她的背上，一路背着她走 到终点线，然后又走了300 英尺，到Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。A. went away 离开； B. stood up 站起来；C. stepped aside 让路；D. bent down 弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey 弯下腰，让 勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 48．句组层次题。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey 弯下腰，让Lenoue 爬到她的背上，一路背着她 走到终点线，然后又走了300 英尺，到Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。A. medical 医疗的；B. public 公众的；C. constant 持续不断的；D. equal 平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue 很疼，所以 是要接受治疗，medical attention 意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 1.【广东省六校2023-2024 学年高三12 月联考试题】 When I was a little boy my parents, brothers and I all lived in my grandma’s old house. The only way we could 21 it was across a wooden, 22 bridge over the river next to it. On the other side of it was a pair of railroad 23 only 10 feet from the house. I can still remember how the house would 24 when the trains carrying coal would go by. Still, it was home and I always felt 25 and loved there. The tracks were fun to 26 down too when there were no trains around. One day my elder brother even tried to 27 me how to walk on a 28 rail by putting one foot in front of the other. Each time I tried, however, I would shake and 29 . Even holding my arms straight out to my sides for 30 didn’t help. I just couldn’t do it like my brother did and I soon 31 . One day when I was alone I decided to try again. I 32 my feet but that only made me shake more. I thought, I could walk on an old, wooden bridge that swung all over the place but not on a 33 piece of steel. Finally, I set my eyes upon Grandma’s house and gave it one last 34 . This time, though, I didn’t shake. I walked on and on with my eyes on the old house. When I finally got to the front door I smiled with 35 and laughed with joy. 21．A．reach B．visit C．build D．know 22．A．new B．useless C．swinging D．decorating 23．A．records B．stations C．tracks D．companies 24．A．shake B．move C．rise D．disappear 25．A．popular B．busy C．convenient D．safe 26．A．drive B．walk C．ride D．count 27．A．follow B．match C．recognize D．show 28．A．special B．single C．right D．secret 29．A．fall B．remain C．climb D．turn 30．A．confidence B．direction C．balance D．cheating 31．A．joined in B．gave up C．sped up D．worked out 32．A．found B．slowed C．stopped D．watched 33．A．temporary B．large C．solid D．public 34．A．idea B．try C．belief D．behavior 35．A．satisfaction B．honesty C．caution D．response 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33． C 34．B 35．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家住在奶奶的老房子里，房子附近有铁轨，哥哥教作者 单脚走铁轨，但是作者总是失败了。经过尝试，作者最后终于成功了。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们能到达那里的唯一途径是穿过旁边河上一座摇摇晃晃的木桥。A. reach 到达；B. visit 拜访；C. build 建造；D. know 知道。根据上文“When I was a little boy my parents, brothers and I all lived in my grandma’s old house.(当我还是个小男孩的时候，我的父母，兄弟和我都住在我奶奶的老 房子里)”此处指到达老房子，应用reach。故选A。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们能到达那里的唯一途径是穿过旁边河上一座摇摇晃晃的木桥。A. new 新的；B. useless 无用的；C. swinging 摇晃的；D. decorating 动词，装饰。根据后文“bridge over the river”指河上一座摇摇晃晃的木桥。后文“wooden bridge that swung all over the place”也是提示。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在它的另一边是一对铁轨，离房子只有10 英尺远。A. records 记录；B. stations 车站；C. tracks 轨道；D. companies 公司。根据后文“the trains carrying coal would go by”可知，木 桥的另一边是一对铁轨，故选C。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得，当运煤的火车经过时，房子是如何摇晃的。A. shake 摇晃； B. move 移动；C. rise 提高；D. disappear 消失。根据后文“the trains carrying coal would go by”指运煤的火 车经过时，房子会摇晃。故选A。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，那仍是我的家，在那里我总能感到安全和被爱。A. popular 受欢迎的；B. busy 忙碌的；C. convenient 方便的；D. safe 安全的。根据上文“it was home and I always felt” 可知，家让作者感到安全和被爱。故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当周围没有火车的时候，沿着铁轨走也很有趣。A. d