高考英语答题技巧题型02 推理判断题（解题技巧）（解析版）Word（18页）

题型02 推理判断题 推理判断题解题思维 1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。 2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能 断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。 3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣 测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点; 4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感 悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于 原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未 命题特点 推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面 信息进行挖掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定 判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义。 考查方向 推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到4-8 题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、 文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。 命题规律 1. 文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考 2. 语言转折和强对比处常考 3. 对文章中心思想处常考 知部分和作者的言外之意。 推理判断题干扰项特征 1. 主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 2. 过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 3. 以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实 则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 4. 无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。 实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。 命题点01 隐含意义推断题 【典例】 （2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off , blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. 5．Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph? A．To explain a scene. B．To introduce the topic. C．To make a comparison. D．To provide an example. 【答案】B 【模板】1. 锁定关键词 why...mention 及第一段。 2. 根据文章结构并精译文中句。 3. 核对选项。 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺；扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. (这是一个典型的 早晨：你醒来，洗个澡，刷牙，然后用一根小针刺伤你的手臂。等等，什么？除非你患有糖尿病等严重疾 病，否则你可能从未检测过自己的血液。但在未来，这种情况可能会改变)”以及第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. (Cor 公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统)”可推知，作者在第 一段提到了典型的早晨是为了引入文章探讨的主题，即Cor 公司已经在销售的一种家庭血液检测系统。故 选B。 命题点02 观点态度推断题 【典例01】 （2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中） ...... Under some circumstances, the researchers found significant emissions reductions. But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction, as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades. Accounting for emissions in this way, the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions. Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.” 12．What is Ali Amiri’s attitude toward the new result? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Objective. 【答案】 D 【模板】1. 锁定细节词 attitude 。 2. 运用“题文同序法”，文中定褒贬。 3. 识别选项词义。 【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. ‘Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,’ he says.‘We cannot just say we should stop using wood.’(芬兰阿尔托大学（Aalto University）的阿 里·阿梅里（Ali Amiri）说，该报告关于需求增长导致的排放的结论可能是正确的，但我们已经收获的木材 的情况不同。他说，提高当前收成的效率并将更多的木材用于比纸张更长久的用途将减少排放。我们不能 只是说我们应该停止使用木材)”可知，Ali Amiri 对此研究结果有一定的肯定性，但是他又表示我们不能说 我们就应该停止使用木材。故他对此研究结果从正反两方面都进行了说明，其态度是客观公正的。故选D 项。 【典例02】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024 学年高三联考试题） “As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said. 34．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain? A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic. 【答案】 34．D 【模板】1. 锁定细节词 attidude 。 2. 运用“题文同序法”和拆分长难句技巧精译该句话。 3. 识别选项态度词 pessimistic“ 消极的”。 【解析】情感态度推断题。句意：艾伦说：“只要我们最好的观察大脑内部的技术要求受试者躺在一个巨 大的磁铁周围不动，我们就只能在这些问题上取得有限的进展。”可知，Allen 对目前关于人类大脑的研究 的态度是消极的，故选D。 命题点03 文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题 【典例】 （2019 新课标I 卷C 篇） As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric( 生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 31．Where is this text most likely from? A．A diary. B．A guidebook C．A novel. D．A magazine. 【答案】 31．D 【模板】1. 扫描题干，确定题目类型。 2. 关注文章主旨，尤其关注首尾段。 3. 识别选项词。 【解析】出处类推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘， 由此可推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志。故选D。 命题点04 下文预测推断题 【典例】 （2024·江苏苏州·高三校考阶段练习） It’s mid-afternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap( 打盹)? In point of advantage, it is worth it. Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests naps can boost at least some people’s mental process of understanding in the short term. Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness(警觉) to memory performance. “A brief nap can also inspire people with creativity,” a 2021 study in Science Advances found. In that research, participants were given math problems that could be solved with an easy short cut that they weren’t told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a brief nap before tackling the problems. The researchers found those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest phase of sleep--were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the short cut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep phase had a negative effect on this creative insight. In other words, there may be a “sweet spot”