重庆市第一中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

秘密★启用前 2022~2023 学年重庆一中上期学情调研 高二英语试题卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名.准考证号码填写在答题卡上。 2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Now, a new study has uncovered a simple physical rule that governs ant rafts (蚂蚁筏): shrink and expand. The discovery could one day lead to the design of robots that work in groups. Individually, ants are not as smart as people think, but collectively, they can form very smart and flexible organizations. For example, after storms in the southeastern United States, fire ants form giant floating rafts to survive rough waters. Researchers used mathematical models to work out the mechanics behind these floating rafts. They found that the faster the ants on a raft moved, the more the raft expanded outwards, often forming long stretches. This behavior is automatic in nature and does not require any central decision making. The researchers also conducted experiments to uncover the secrets of the ant raft. They put thousands of fire ants in a bucket of water with a plastic stick in the middle, and they waited. What they eventually saw was that rafts started to form, and instead of these structures staying the same shape over time, they kept shrinking and expanding until they formed dense colonies. Sometimes the ants spread out like pancake batter (面糊) on a frying pan, and sometimes they shrank to form bridges. Each ant raft was made up of two layers. At the bottom, structural ants stuck together to form a base. Above them was a second layer of ants, which were free to walk on top of other ants. Over a period of time, ants climbed from the bottom to the top. When they let the game play out, researchers found simulated (模拟的) ant rafts behaved like they were in the real world. The more the ants walked, the more likely they were to form long stretches stretching out from the raft, like people gathering for the exit in a crowded stadium. Research on fire ants will hopefully help understand how simple rules can be written to instruct robot show to interact with others to achieve targeted group responses. 1．What plays an important role in the size of ant rafts? A．The speed of ants. B．The central decision. C．The division of labor. D．The number of ants. 2．What is mainly discussed about ant rafts in the fifth paragraph? A．Size B．Function. C．Shape. D．Formation. 3．Which column of a magazine is this article most likely from? A．Education. B．Society. C．Technology. D．Environment. B Educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune will soon make history as the first black person to have a statue in the U. S. Capitol’s Statuary Hall, when her statue replaces that of a general. Bethune, the daughter of formerly enslaved people, was an influential educator and activist who founded the National Council of Negro Women, advised multiple U. S. presidents and created a boarding school for black children that would later become Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach. The 11-foot statue weighs more than 6,000 1bs…It was created by artist Nilda Comas, who was chosen from a field of 1,600 applicants and is the first Hispanic master sculptor to create a statue for the National Statuary Hall State Collection. Before she started sculpting, Comas conducted a four-year thorough research, which she called “a beautiful journey.” The statue features Bethune wearing a cap and long dress and a pearl necklace, holding a black rose in one hand and a walking stick in the other. She’s standing in front of a pile of books, with a warm smile and what one local reporter described as eyes that “register wisdom kindness.” The base of the statue is inscribed(铭刻)with her name, her home state, birth and death dates, as well as one of her most famous quotes, “Invest in the human soul. Who knows, it may be a diamond in the rough.” The black rose represents Bethune’s work in education, as well as her belief that “loving thy neighbor” required interracial, inter-religious and international brotherhood, according to a nonprofit organization. “Although there is no species of flower called a ‘black rose’, Dr. Bethune was attracted by beauty of a rose with a particular dark colour,” it explained. “These dark roses instantly became her favorite. She thereafter referred to her pupils as her ‘black roses’” 4．Why has Bethune’s statue been set up? A．Because she offered much advice to US presidents. B．Because she was the first black person to be a general. C．Because she created the first university for black people. D．Because she was a distinguished black educator and activist. 5．What are Para.3 and 4.mainly about? A．The size of the statue. B．The research of the statue. C．The creation of the statue. D．The choosing of the sculptor. 6．What does “black rose” in Para. 6 stand for? A．Bethune’s famous·quotes. B．Bethune’s devotion and faith. C．Bethune’s wisdom and kindness. D．Bethune’s investment and religion. 7．What do we know about Bethune? A．A shaper of human soul. B．A founder of a nonprofit. C．An 'educator for African women. D．A builder of modern university. C Humans have been living and working on the space station for 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K. Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first Chili (辣椒) grown in space. The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July. Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants. After growing for four months, the peppers were harvested on Friday. Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C, as well as other key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pollinate, so they are easy to grow, and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked. They are also safe to eat raw. A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals. But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits. Astronauts have described the joy from seeing—as well as smelling and caring for—leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth. “Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn, principal investigator for the experiment.” We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts’ well-being.” 8．What does underlined “kicking off” in the 2nd paragraph mean? A．Launch. B．Complete. C．Quit. D．Announce. 9．What makes Plant Habitat-04 one of the most complex plant experiments? A．The technology. B．Growing process. C．The varieties of plants. D．Growing time required. 10．Why are peppers added to the menu for astronauts? A．They are delicious. B．They restore their appetite. C．They help kill diseases. D．They improve their memory. 11．What is the suitable title for the text ? A．The Fun in the Space Life B．The Common Goal in the Space Mission C．The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space D．A Research Finding from the Space Mission D Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these re