河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年上期高二开学考试英语试题(1)

河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年上期 高二开学考试物理试题 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A INTRODUCTION Chinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of the People’s Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis. China Scholarship Council, entrusted by the MOE, holds the responsibility of verification(证实), approval and the routine management of the program. SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGE Tuition; campus accommodation fees; medical insurance and a monthly allowance. APPLICANTS ●Applicants must be non-Chinese citizens and in good health. ●Applicants for a master’s degree program must have a bachelor’s degree and be under 35. ●Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master’s degree and be under 40. APPLICATION 1.Apply online at www.campuschina.org 2.Mail application documents to East China Normal University(ECNU) ●An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship. ●The highest diploma and academic transcripts( 学生成绩单) (notarized photocopies). Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized(经过公证的) translation in Chinese or English. ●A research plan. It is required to be no more than 800 words. ●Recommendation letters. Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors. ●A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form. Please select the appropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days. ●The HSK(Chinese Proficiency Test) certificate. ●The processing fee. The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package. 3.Application date Your application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th. APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATION The result will be posted online at https://lxs.ecnu.edu.cn by the end of June. 21. What do we know about the program? A. There is no age limit for applicants. B. The application is due on June 30th. C. It is only for international students. D. There are two websites for application. 22. What will applicants have to pay according to the text? A. Tuition. B. Processing fees. C. All living costs. D. Medical examination charge. 23. What can we infer from the text? A. Longer research plans are preferred. B. The HSK certificate is valid for only 180 days. C. Government officials give recommendation letters. D. Education certificates in Chinese or English are accepted. B My family would describe me as anything but a risk-taker. “Grandma drives faster than you!” my younger son likes to joke with me. So when I announced I was going to step outside my comfort zone and sign up for a self-defense course, my children, my husband, and even my mom were a bit doubtful. A gym near my house was offering free two-hour classes including boxing, wrestling and judo( 柔道). I signed up for it and for the next days I questioned whether yoga would have been a wiser choice. The morning of the class, I pulled up to the gym, grabbed my water bottle along with a bit of courage I brought with me, and walked inside. We learned how to kick and knee someone where it counts and how to strike using the palms of our hands. After the instructor showed various escape techniques, I wondered what I was doing there. Seconds later, I reminded myself that I was on a search to push my boundaries(极限). By the time the class ended, I was full of energy. Before I entered the gym, I never imagined I would have the confidence and courage to throw a punch that could discourage someone twice my size. Almost two years later, I still attend classes. As the oldest female in the class, I push myself to keep up, try harder and, more importantly, not quit. Between increasing my strength and feeling confident about protecting myself (although I hope I never have to test my skills outside the gym), I’m proud of the risk I took in signing up for the course. I know that defending myself is not about strength; it’s about strategy. At the same time, I’m calmer and less anxious—a benefit my family enjoys. As for my driving, after a recent lunch date, my mom suggested I speed up to at least the speed limit. She didn’t want to be late for her tennis match. 24. What did the author’s family think of her according to paragraph 1? A. She is unreliable. B. She likes taking risks. C. She is a doer rather than a talker. D. She used to enjoy her comfortable zone. 25. How did the author’s feelings change during her first self-defense class? A. Uncertain →excited →bored B. Curious →excited →confident C. Uneasy →confused →determined D. Excited →confident →discouraged 26. What can we learn about the author according to the last paragraph? A. She often feels upset and lonely. B. She still drives not too fast. C. She has ever been attacked outside of the gym. D. She regrets taking the self-defense classes. 27. What can be the best title for the text? A. More than Self-defense B. Building a Better Future C. The Fight That Never Ends D. Never Too Old to Learn C Machine learning is a way of teaching computers to do tasks. In the past, to do anything, computers depended on detailed, step-by-step instructions written by a person. But with machine learning, computers pick up new skills on their own, using examples or experience. This makes machine learning a powerful form of artificial intelligence, or AI. AI is the ability of a machine to think or learn like a person. AI systems power many kinds of machines—from smartphones to robots. There are a few types of machine learning. The most common is supervised(监 督的) learning. In this method, a computer is fed lots of sorted training data. For example, it may look at many photos of dogs. Each photo might be sorted by the dog’s kind. By studying those photos, the computer learns what each kind of dog looks like. Then, the computer can pick out dog kinds in new, unsorted photos. The more data the computer studies, the better it gets at its task. Another important kind of machine learning is reinforcement(强化) learning. Using this type of learning is sort of like training your dog to do a trick. The computer learns to achieve some goal by interacting with its environment. When the computer makes a choice that brings it closer to its goal, it gets a virtual reward. Through trial and error, the computer learns to make better choices. This type of machine learning has helped computers master difficult games like Go and StarCraft II. It has also been used to teach self-driving cars how to get around. Machine learning has helped create technology all around us. It powers language translators and search engines. When your streaming services recommend new shows you might like, that’s machine learning at work. Machine learning systems also organize posts in social media feeds. They even help judge diseases. In many ways, the problem-solving power of machine learning is reshaping the world. 28. What can we know about machine learning from the text？ A. It directs computers to follow programs. B. It makes computers run under no control. C. It is a form of artificial intelligence. D. It is a kind of function of all computers. 29. How can computers learn better in supervised learning？ A. By studying as much data as possible. B. By following step-by-step instructions. C. By telling differences between dog kinds. D. By making as many attempts as possible. 30. What do computers learn in reinforcement learning？ A. Doing tricks. B. Setting goals. C. Making choices. D. Simplifying steps. 31. What is the author’s attitude to machine learning？ A. Uncaring. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Supportive. D If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we’re both better off as a result —so