河南省商丘名校2021-2022学年高二下学期期中联考英语试题（解析版）

2021—2022 学年下期期中联考 高二英语试题 （考试时间: 100 分钟 试卷满分: 120 分） 第一部分 听力（略） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分40 分） 第一节（共15 小题; 每小题2 分, 满分30 分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中, 选出最佳选项。 A Famous Seed Banks Around the World The Svalbard International Seed Vault Opened for storage in 2008, the seed bank is located deep in the side of a frozen arctic mountain in Longyearbyen, Norway, and can weather any disaster from bombings to earthquakes. Samples are collected from seed banks all over the world to be stored in the underground vault. Rather than acting as an active seed bank, the Vault is a global backup system for the planet’s plant resources. The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in China Founded in the city of Kunming in 2007, the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species(GBWS) is a research and preservation center for rare and endangered plants and animals. It includes a seed pool, DNA bank, microbial bank and other parts. So far, it has preserved over 10,000 types of wild plant seeds, making it the largest in Asia and the second of its kind globally. Singapore Botanic Gardens Seed Bank Opened in 2019, the seed bank is safeguarding plant biodiversity in Southeast Asia through conservation, research and education. Visitors can learn about seeds and the science of seed storage at a new building and outdoor garden. The Bank mainly conducts its research into seed preservation of tropical plants. It will be able to store the seeds of up to 25,000 plant species. The Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry Located near Russia’s St. Petersburg and founded in 1921, the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry remains the world’s largest collection of plant seeds. It mainly focuses on crops that are suitable for farming in Russia such as potatoes, wheat, beans, vegetables, and many others. 1. What do we know about the Svalbard International Seed Vault? A. It lies in an earthquake zone. B. It is resistant to bomb attacks. C. It is the best-known globally. D. It only stores seeds from Norway. 2. What makes Singapore Botanic Gardens Seed Bank special? A. Its role in education. B. Its amount of seed storage. C. Its research into rare plants. D. Its protection of tropical animals. 3. Which of the following seed banks was oldest? A. The Svalbard International Seed Vault. B. Singapore Botanic Gardens Seed Bank. C. The Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry. D. The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in China. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了驰名世界的四个种子库的相关信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Opened for storage in 2008, the seed bank is located deep in the side of a frozen arctic mountain in Longyearbyen, Norway, and can weather any disaster from bombings to earthquakes.(该种子库 于2008 年开放储存，位于挪威朗伊尔城一座冰封的北极山脉的深处，可以抵御从爆炸到地震等任何灾难)” 可知，挪威斯瓦尔巴全球种子库能够抵御炸弹的袭击。故选B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三部分中“Opened in 2019, the seed bank is safeguarding plant biodiversity in Southeast Asia through conservation, research and education. Visitors can learn about seeds and the science of seed storage at a new building and outdoor garden.(该种子库于2019 年开放，通过保护、研究和教育保护东南亚的植物多样 性。 参观者可以在新建的建筑和室外花园中了解种子和种子储存的科学)”可知，新加坡植物园种子库的特 别之处就是它具有教育功能。故选A。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Opened for storage in 2008(该种子库于2008 年开放储存)”；第二段中 “Founded in the city of Kunming in 2007 (昆明野生物种种质资源库成立于2007)”；第三段中“Opened in 2019(该种子库于2019 年开放)”以及最后一段中“Located near Russia’s St. Petersburg and founded in 1921 (位 于俄罗斯圣彼得堡附近，成立于1921 年)”对比各种子库建立的 年代可知，成立于1921 年的俄罗斯瓦维洛 夫植物工业研究所，是四个种子库中最古老的种子库。故选C。 B Fifteen years ago, when darkness used to fall in Yobe Nkosi, a remote village in northern Malawi, children did their school homework by candlelight: There was no electricity. But that started to change in 2006, when villager Colrerd Nkosi finished secondary school in Mzimba, some 40 kilometres away, and returned home, and found he could no longer live without power. Aged 23 at the time, Nkosi soon figured out that a small river past the house where he grew up had just enough force to push the pedals on his bicycle. He created a generator (发电机)that brought power into his home. Word spread quickly among brick houses and neighbors began paying regular visits to charge their mobile phones. “I started getting requests for electricity and decided to upgrade,” said Nkosi. With no previous training, he turned an old fridge compressor (压缩机)into a water—powered turbine (涡 轮)and put it in a nearby river, generating electricity for six households. Today, the village is supplied by a bigger turbine. The users pay no fee for the power but give Nkosi some money for maintenance—slightly more than $1 per household per month. “The electricity is basically free,” Nkosi said, speaking in local Chichewa. He admitted that the maintenance income was too small to cover repair costs, which he mainly funded from his own pocket. Despite the challenges, he is determined to expand his mini electricity network to surrounding areas. “Once more villages and schools have electricity, people will no longer cut down trees for charcoal (木炭),” he said. “Students will have a lot more time to study”, he said. As dusk settles over Kasangazi Primary School, groups of learners rush into a classroom for a night—time study session. “Before we had electricity here, we used to use candles to study,” said student Gift Mfune, sorting through a pile of text books on his desk. “Now, we all have no excuse but to pass our examinations,” he laughed. Courtesy of Nkosi, the building is the only school with power out of 17 others servicing the area. 4. Why did Nkosi’s first generator need upgrading? A. To make much more money. B. To attract more people’s visits. C. To charge more mobile phones. D. To meet more people’s requests. 5. Which words can best describe Nkosi? A. Mean and stubborn. B. Creative and generous. C. Wealthy and humorous. D. Narrow—minded and short—sighted. 6. What can we know about the students in Kasangazi Primary School? A. They have to stay up late. B. They did not do well in exams. C. They are very grateful to Nkosi. D. They must have a promising future. 7. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To share a touching story. B. To advertise a remote village. C. To show students’ love for a teacher. D. To remember a respectable engineer. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Colrerd Nkosi 发明发电机，为自己的家乡供电的故事。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Word spread quickly among brick houses and neighbors began paying regular visits to charge their mobile phones. “I started getting requests for electricity and decided to upgrade,” said Nkosi. (消息在砖房间迅速传播，邻居们开始定期上门给手机充电。恩科西说：“我开始收到用电请求，并决定升 级。”)”可知，消息传播开来之后，Nkosi 发现越来越多的邻居请求用电，所以他决定升级发电机，以满 足更多人的需求。故选D 项。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“He created a generator that brought power into his home. (他发明了一台发电机， 把电送到家里)”以及第四段的“The users pay no fee for the power but give Nkosi some money for maintenance —slightly more than $1 per household per month.(用户无需支付电力费用，但会给Nkosi 一些钱用于维护，每 月每户略高于1 美元)”可知，Nkosi 自己发明了发电机，且不收取使用者的费用，所以Nkosi 是有创造力并 且慷慨的。故选B 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“As dusk settles over Kasangazi Primary School, groups of learners rush into a classroom for a night—time study session.(当夜幕降临在Kasangazi 小学时，一群学习者冲进教室进行夜间学 习)”以及““Now, we all have no excuse but to pass our examinations,” he laughed. Courtesy of Nkosi, the building is the only school with power out of 17 others servicing the area.(“现在，我们都没有借口，只能通过考 试，”他笑着说。由Nkosi 提供，该建筑是该地区17 所其他学校中唯一一所有电的学校)”可知，在Nkosi 为学校提供电之后，Kasangazi 小学的学生们有了更好的学习环境，所以学生们非常感激Nkosi。故选C 项。 【 7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Word spread quickly among brick houses and neighbors began paying regular visits to charge their mobile phones. “I started getting requests for electricity and decided to upgrade,” said Nkosi.(消息 在砖房间迅速传播，邻居们开始定期上门给手机充电。恩科西说：“我开始收到用电请求，并决定升 级。”)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了Colrerd Nkosi 发明发电机，为自己的家乡供电的故事，所以 作者写本篇文章是为了分享一个感人的故事。故选A 项。 C Methane is one of the biggest drivers of global warming. About 95% of methane emissions from cattle come out of their mouths and noses. The common method to design cattle feed additive (饲料添加剂) helps in the reduction of methane gas in cattle’s stomachs. However, chemical additives may be